一、研究方向

1. 深过冷快速凝固

       深过冷是实现金属材料快速凝固的重要途径。本方向的研究侧重用同步辐射高能X射线衍射和高速摄影等原位表征技术分析纯金属、二元和多元合金快速凝固过程中的亚稳凝固路径、枝晶或共晶生长动力学和强磁场效应，旨在建立描述晶体快速生长的新理论，并认识金属材料在快速凝固条件下的微结构形成机理。

  快速凝固理论研究的代表性成果

  1) D. D. Zhao, J. Gao (2022): "Theory and in situ diagnosis of growth kinetics of dendritic crystals in alloy solidification", Crystal Growth and Design 22, pp.5354-5362.

    2) D. D. Zhao, J. Gao, A. Kao (2020): "Modeling of tip kinetics of undercooled Ti dendrites with consideration of forced flow and oxygen impurity effects", International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 159, p.120113.

   3) J. Gao (2018): "A model for free growth of a lamellar eutectic dendrite with an incident flow", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 376, p.20170209.

    4）J. Gao, A. Kao, V. Bojarevics, K. Pericleous, P. K. Galenko, D. V. Alexandrov (2017): "Modeling of convection, temperature distribution and dendritic growth in glass-fluxed nickel melts", Journal of Crystal Growth 471, pp.66-72.

    5）C. Yang, J. Gao (2015): "Modeling of free eutectic growth and competitive solidification in undercooled near-eutectic alloys based on in-situ measurements", Journal of Materials Science 50, pp.268-278.

  强磁场效应研究的代表性成果

    1）D. D. Zhao, J. Gao (2019): "Liquid phase separation in undercooled Cu–Co alloys under the influence of static magnetic fields", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 377, p.20180207.

    2) R. J. Zhao, J. Gao, A. Kao, K. Pericleous (2019): "Verification of thermoelectric magnetohydrodynamic flow effects on dendritic tip kinetics by in-situ observations", International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 136, pp.1139-1146.

    3）R. J. Zhao, J. Gao, A. Kao, K. Pericleous (2017): "Measurements and modelling of dendritic growth velocities of pure Fe with thermoelectric magnetohydrodynamics convection", Journal of Crystal Growth 475, pp.354-361. 

    4) J. Gao, M. K. Han, A. Kao, K. Pericleous, D. Alexandrov, P. Galenko (2016): "Dendritic growth velocities in an undercooled melt of pure nickel under static magnetic fields: a test of theory with convection", Acta Materialia 103, pp.184-191.

    5）C. Yang, J. Gao (2014): "Dendritic growth kinetics and disorder trapping of the intermetallic compound Ni3Sn under a static magnetic field", Journal of Crystal Growth 394, pp. 24-27.

  同步辐射原位研究的代表性成果

    1）Y. Q. Wang, J. Gao, M. Kolbe, A. Chuang, Y. Ren, D. Matson (2018): "Metastable solidification of hypereutectic Co₂Si–CoSi composition: microstructural studies and in-situ observations", Acta Materialia 142, pp.172-180.

    2）D. D. Zhao, F. Yang, D. Holland-Moritz, M. Kolbe, T. Buslaps, J. Gao (2021): "In situ studies of liquid-liquid phase separation, solidification sequence and dendrite growth kinetics in electrostatically levitated Ti–Y alloys", Acta Materialia 213, p.116962.

    3）R. J. Zhao, Y. Q. Wang, J. Gao, E. Baker, D. M. Matson, M. Kolbe, A. Chuang, Y. Ren (2020): "In situ and ex situ studies of anomalous eutectic formation in undercooled Ni–Sn alloys", Acta Materialia 197, pp.198-211.

    4）R. J. Zhao, T. T. Yang, Y. Q. Wang, Y. Ren, J. Gao (2021): "In situ X-ray diffraction and HAADF-STEM study of disorder trapping in intermetallic Ni₃Sn compound", Scripta Materialia 193, pp.55-58.

    5）Y. Q. Wang, J. Gao, W. H. Sun, A. Shahani (2022): "In situ observation of faceted growth and morphological instability of a complex-regular eutectic in Zn–Mg–Al system", Scripta Materialia 206, p.114224.

  非平衡凝固组织研究的代表性成果

    1)  Y. K. Zhang, J. Gao, M. Kolbe, S. Klein, C. Yang, H. Yasuda, D. M. Herlach, Ch.-A. Gandin (2013): "Phase selection and microstructure formation in undercooled Co–61.8at.%Si melts under various containerless processing conditions", Acta Materialia 61, pp.4861-4873.

   2）C. Yang, J. Gao, Y. K. Zhang, M. Kolbe, D. M. Herlach (2011): "New evidence for dual origin of anomalous eutectic structures in undercooled Ni–Sn alloys: in-situ observations and EBSD characterization", Acta Materialia 59, pp.3915-3926.

   3) Y. K. Zhang, J. Gao, D. Nagamatsu, T. Fukuda, H. Yasuda, M. Kolbe, J. C. He (2008): "Reduced droplet coarsening in electromagnetically levitated and phase-separated Cu–Co alloys by imposition of a static magnetic field", Scripta Materialia 59, pp.1002-1005.

    4）Y. Q. Wang, C. Paul, S. Moniri, J. Gao, T. Volkenandt, V. De Andrade, A. J. Shahani (2020): "Integrated three-dimensional characterization of reactive phase formation and coarsening during isothermal annealing of metastable Zn–3Mg–4Al eutectic", Materials Characterization 170, p.110685.

    5) Y. Q. Wang, J. Gao, Y. Ren, V. De Andrade, A. J. Shahani (2020): "Formation of a three-phase spiral structure due to competitive growth of a peritectic phase with a metastable eutectic", JOM 72, pp.2965-2973.

2. 磁驱动相变材料

        磁驱动相变是指金属、氧化物和碳化物等磁性材料在施加外磁场后出现的结构或磁性相变。本方向的研究侧重采用同步辐射、中子和高分辨透射电镜等先进表征技术理解与磁驱动相变关联的磁弹性、磁热效应以及多铁耦合（铁磁与铁电、铁弹有序的叠加与关联）现象。

    磁驱动相变材料的代表性成果

    1) D. Huang, T. Y. Ma, D. E. Brown, S. H. Lapidus, Y. Ren, J. Gao (2021): "Nanoscale phase separation and large refrigerant capacity in magnetocaloric material LaFe_11.5Si_1.5", Chemistry of Materials 33, pp.2837-2846.

    2) R. H. Kou, Z. W. Chen, S. Ouyang, J. Gao (2020): "Phase separation-induced nanoscale heterogeneity in Gd₅Si_1.5Ge_2.5", Acta Materialia 197, pp.163-171.

    3) D. Huang, J. Gao, S. H. Lapidus, D. E. Brown, Y. Ren (2020): "Exotic hysteresis of ferrimagnetic transition in Laves compound TbCo₂", Materials Research Letters 8, pp.97-102.

    4) R. H. Kou, J. Gao, Z. H. Nie, Y. D. Wang, D. E. Brown, Y. Ren (2020): "Magnetic transitions and magnetocaloric effect of Gd₄Nd₁Si₂Ge₂", Journal of Alloys and Compounds 826, p.154117.

    5) R. H. Kou, J. Gao, Z. H. Nie, Y. D. Wang, D. E. Brown, Y. Ren (2019):"Evidence for a short-range chemical order of Ge atoms and its critical role in inducing a giant magnetocaloric effect in Gd₅Si_1.5Ge_2.5", Journal of Alloys and Compounds 808, p.151751.

3. 金属增材制造

        金属增材制造中熔池的凝固是一个典型的非平衡凝固过程。本方向的研究侧重对不锈钢、形状记忆合金、高温合金和钛合金等在激光和电子束增材制造过程中的非平衡凝固效应进行识别和调控。

  金属增材制造研究的代表性成果

    1）R. J. Zhao, T. T. Yang, H. L. Liao, N. Fenineche, C. Coddet, J. Gao (2021): "Nanoscale chemistry and atomic-scale microstructure of a bulk Ni₃Sn material built using selective laser melting of elemental powder blends", Materials & Design 211, p.110152.  

     2) R. J. Zhao, J. Gao, H. L. Liao, N. Fenineche, C. Coddet (2020): "Selective laser melting of elemental powder blends for fabrication of homogeneous bulk material of near-eutectic Ni‒Sn composition", Additive Manufacturing 34, p.101261.

4. 高温合金

       高温合金是制造飞机发动机和燃汽轮机叶片的重要材料，是典型的多组元合金。本方向的研究侧重采用中子、同步辐射等大科学装置手段原位揭示镍基单晶高温合金在定向凝固过程中的偏析、取向偏离等缺陷的形成机理。 

    高温合金研究的代表性成果

1) Y. H. Wang, D. D. Zhao, J. Gao, L. H. He (2024): "Disorder trapping and recrystallization-induced grain refinement in undercooled Ni₃Ga melts", Scripta Materialia 252, p.116275.

2) Y. H. Wang, J. Gao, L. H. He (2024): "Facile formation of a superalloy-like microstructure in Ni₇₇Ga₂₃ alloys by rapid solidification processing", Scripta Materialia 239, p.115822.

3) 高建荣，王彦惠，石桐，李树贤（2024）：单晶高温合金定向凝固过程的中子原位诊断系统及方法，中国发明专利，CN118425208A（已授权）。

二、科研项目  

1. 国家自然科学基金中德合作研究重点项目（2021－2023）：

         深过冷镍基高温合金非平衡凝固过程的原位观测研究

2.  国家自然科学基金重点项目子课题（2019－2023）：

        基于晶体长/短程序和磁性团簇拓扑关联及外场调控的新型磁驱相变材料研究

3. 国家重点研发计划项目子课题（2022－2026)：

        单晶高温合金凝固过程的中子原位研究装置与技术

学术专著

Chapter 13. Measurements of crystal growth dynamics in glass-fluxed melts

Solidification of Containerless Undercooled Melts

edited by D. M. Herlach and D. M. Matson

Wiely VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2012 pp.281-303

[ISBN978-3-527-33122-2].

组织和主办国际研讨会

2025

Co-Chair

2nd International Workshop on the Use of Large Science Facilities in Metal Research

Auckland, New Zealand, Feburary 16-19.

会议共同主席

第二届大科学装置在金属材料研究中的应用国际研讨会

2025年2月16-19日，新西兰奥克兰

       研讨会由新西兰奥克兰大学和奥克兰理工大学主办，奥克兰理工大学T. J. Lee教授和S. Singamneni教授、奥克兰大学P. Cao教授和中国东北大学高建荣教授担任会议主席，会议在奥克兰理工大学市中心校区会议中心举行。来自新西兰、中国、美国、日本、挪威、奥地利等国的近30名学者参加了会议，围绕新谱仪、凝固加工、极端环境、能源材料、增材制造、应力与变形、相变七个主题展开了研讨。会议为金属材料领域的学者和谱仪科学家之间的互动和交流提供了平台，为促进大科学装置在金属材料研究中的应用提供了动能。

照片由S. Singamneni教授提供（特此鸣谢）

2023

Organizer and Chairperson

1st International Workshop on the Use of Large Science Facilities in Metal Research

Shenyang, China, November 10-12.

发起人和会议主席

首届大科学装置在金属材料研究中的应用国际研讨会

2023年11月10-12日，中国沈阳

      研讨会以“线下+线上”的混合模式举行，共有58位线下代表和7位线上代表参会。代表来自中国散裂中子源、德国同步辐射光源、中国原子能科学研究院、香港城市大学、日本京都大学、新西兰奥克兰大学、美国密歇根大学、英国格林威治大学、北京高压科学中心、中国科学院金属研究所、清华大学、西安交通大学、北京理工大学、东北大学、北京科技大学、燕山大学、沈阳大学、东莞理工学院等科研院所。研讨会围绕第四代同步辐射光源和先进中子源两类大科学装置在金属材料领域的应用进行了研讨，共有27位代表做了时长30分钟的邀请报告。议题包括同步辐射衍射和成像、中子衍射和成像、X射线近边和扩展吸收谱、X射线光子相干谱、先进材料、增材制造、液态相变、固态相变、磁性相变、变形和织构、应力与应变等。研讨会促进了在大科学装置工作的谱仪科学家与金属材料领域用户之间的相互了解，推动了依托大科学装置的金属材料先进原位表征技术的融合和交叉，为大科学装置领域和金属材料领域青年人才的成长提供了新的动力。

线下代表合影及研讨会现场

国际会议邀请报告

2025

In situ diffraction studies of solidification processes of metals and alloys using X-rays and neutrons

2nd International Workshop on the Use of Large Science Facilities in Metals Research (ULSFMR25)

Auckland, New Zealand, Feburary 16-19.

2024

Liquid phase separation and rapid solidification of undercooled metallic melts in static magnetic fields

11th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials

Shanghai, China, October 20-24.

Rapid solidification of non-dilute binary alloys: Theory and in situ diagnosis

Symposium on Advanced Real Time Imaging, 153rd TMS Annual Meeting

Orlando, USA, March 3-7.

2023

Revisit to crystal and magnetic structure of La(Fe,Si)₁₃ and La(Fe,Co,Si)₁₃ using powder neutron diffraction

The 4th Asia-Oceania Conference on Neutron Scattering

Dongguan, China, December 2-8.

In situ diagnosis of undercooled solidification of eutectic alloys using synchrotron X-ray diffraction

Directionally Solidified Eutectics Conference – VII

Istanbul, Turkey, May 25-27.

Theory of dendrite growth kinetics during rapid solidification of non-diliute binary alloys (online)

Solidification of Containerless Undercooled Melts — A Workshop Devoted to Dieter Herlach and Markus Rettenmayr

Cologne, Germany, May 25-26.

2022

In-situ evidence of dynamic interactions between droplets and dendrites during rapid solidification of immiscible alloys (recorded)

Symposium on Advanced Real Time Imaging, 151st TMS Annual Meeting

Anheim, USA, March 14.

2019

In situ high-energy X-ray diffraction studies of undercooled solidification

Symposium on In Situ Characterization of Dynamic Phenomena During Materials Synthesis, MRS Fall Meeting

Boston, USA, Nov. 30-Dec. 6.

In-situ observations of rapid solidification of undercooled melts using a high-speed camera

Symposium on Advanced Real Time Imaging, 149th TMS Annual Meeting

San Antonio, USA, March 10-14.

2016

Liquid-liquid decomposition and rapid solidification of undercooled Co–Cu melts under high magnetic fields

16th International Conference on Liquid and Amorphous Metals (LAM-16)

Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Germany, September 4-9.

2012 

Measurements of dendritic growth velocities in undercooled melts of pure nickel under static magnetic fields

Symposium on Materials Research in Microgravity, 141st TMS Annual Meeting

Orlando, USA, March 11-15.

代表性的研究成果：

1、Gd₅(Si,Ge)₄化合物的微观结构及磁功能行为

 （寇荣辉完成，2020年发表)

Gd₅(Si,Ge)₄化合物在室温附近具有巨磁热效应，但是其原子尺度上的微结构特征和缺陷性质存在争议。选区电子衍射分析表明，Gd₅Si_1.5Ge_2.5化合物块体并不是单相结构，而是处于三相共存的状态。除了层间化学键半开半闭的Gd₅Si₂Ge₂型M相外，还存在层间化学键完全闭合的Gd₅Si₄型O_I相和层间化学键完全打开的Gd₅Ge₄型O_II相。高分辨透射电镜分析表明，三相可在平均结构为M相的晶粒内部共存，相界面处存在失配位错或层错，而相界两侧的晶格具有类似孪晶的取向关系。基于这些发现，我们认为M相是O_II型高温无序相在冷却过程中发生类似马氏体相变产生的亚稳相，并推测了Gd₅(Si,Ge)₄化合物中的高温相关系。这一研究成果澄清了文献中的争议，并阐明了纳米相分离对降低室温附近磁驱动相变滞后的作用机制。

2、LaFe_11.5Si_1.5化合物中的纳米尺度结构及负滞后

 （黄丹完成，2021年发表，2022年校优秀博士论文代表性成果)

LaFe_11.5Si_1.5化合物在室温附近具有低场驱动的磁热效应。我们的热磁分析表明，退火后的LaFe_11.5Si_1.5样品中包含两个居里温度不同的铁磁相，其磁相变在热磁测量过程中分别表现出正的和负的滞后。同步辐射X射线高分辨衍射分析表明，样品中存在两个NaZn₁₃型结构的立方相。高分辨透射电镜分析表明，两个立方相在纳米尺度上以共格的方式均匀地混合在一起。根据这些结果可知，样品在退火过程中通过Si原子的短程有序发生了纳米尺度上的相分离。由于两相在纳米尺度上存在弹性交互作用，热磁测量中富Si的铁磁相提前发生铁磁到顺磁的相变，导致了负滞后现象的发生。这种因相分离出现的负滞后现象对于提高磁制冷材料的能源利用效率十分有利。由于两个铁磁相的相变温度存在差别，化合物的总熵变随温度的变化出现了两个峰，使得制冷窗口扩大，磁制冷能力显著增强。这一研究工作为设计和开发具有宽温域、窄滞后特征的高性能磁制冷材料提供了思路。

3、二元合金中的快速枝晶生长新理论

 （赵丹丹完成, 2022年发表，2023年校优秀博士论文代表性成果 )

枝晶生长是液态物质凝固过程中常见的现象。研究其动力学对于认识凝固过程的机理和设计非平衡凝固材料非常重要。但是，现有的理论无法完整地描述二元浓合金凝固过程中的枝晶生长动力学。我们考虑了四种不同的界面动力学，提出了描述二元浓合金中的枝晶生长理论，并采用模型合金进行了实验验证。

四种界面动力学过冷度的表达式如下：

DT_k = (1–V/V_DI) (V/m₁) + (V_D/m₂)(V/V_DI)  (V < V_DI) ,          (1)

      DT_k = V_D/m₂  ( V_DI £ V < V_D),                                          (2)

      DT_k = V/m₂ ( V_D £ V < V_A) ,                                             (3)

      DT_k = V/m₃  (V ³ V_A)。                                                    (4)

它们分别对应着界面速率受溶质拖曳和溶质截留的共同控制、仅受溶质截留的控制、受界面热力学弛豫的控制、受界面处原子碰撞的控制的动力学过冷度。

  新理论预测的界面速率随体过冷的四阶段变化规律与我们在Co₉₀Cu₁₀合金过冷凝固过程中观察到的结果定量一致。新理论也可定量解释文献中报道的Ni₇₀Cu₃₀、Ni₉₉Zr₁和Ni₉₉B₁等二元合金凝固过程中的枝晶生长速率随体过冷的变化规律。因此，新理论具备描述任意二元浓合金凝固过程中枝晶生长动力学的能力。

4、金属材料增材制造过程中熔池的过冷度评估

  （赵日杰完成，2021年发表，2022年辽宁省优秀博士论文代表性成果）

      Ni₃Sn是一个一致熔化的金属间化合物。同步辐射X射线原位衍射分析表明，该化合物的液相在165K的临界过冷度条件下快速凝固时，固相晶格处于无序状态（无序截留），但无序晶格在随后的糊状区慢速凝固阶段发生了不完全的无序-有序转变，从而在凝固结束后形成了有序纳米畴和无序纳米畴共存的混合组织。利用这一非平衡凝固组织特征可以评估激光选区熔化增材制造工艺中熔池的过冷度。扫描电镜和能谱分析表明，元素混合粉激光选区熔化制备的Ni₃Sn样品在微米尺度上具有较好的结构和成分均匀性。高分辨透射电镜和高角环形暗场像分析表明，激光选区熔化制备的Ni₃Sn样品中也存在有序和无序纳米畴共存的混合组织。据此判断，激光选区熔化工艺中Ni₃Sn熔池发生快速凝固时的过冷度可达165K或者更高。如此高的过冷是熔池在快速冷却过程中产生的动态过冷，因此不受熔池中未熔化的原料颗粒的限制。这一研究工作为正确认识激光增材制造工艺中熔池的快速凝固条件特别是过冷度水平提供了方法和依据。

S. Cai, J. E. Schaffer, T. Shi, J. Gao and L. Kadeřávek (2024): "Effect of Cu alloying and heat treatment parameters on NiTi alloy phase stability and constitutive behavior", Shape Memory and Superelasticity 10, pp. 460-472.

Y. H. Wang, D. D. Zhao, J. Gao, L. H. He (2024): "Disorder trapping and recrystallization-induced grain refinement in undercooled Ni3Ga melts", Scripta Materialia 252, p.116275.

D. Huang, H. Li, B. Ding, L. X. Song, X. Li, X. K. Xi, Y.-C. Lau, J. R. Gao, W. H. Wang (2024): "Multiple unconventional Hall effects induced by noncoplanar spin textures in SmMn₂Ge₂", Physical Review B 109, p. 144406.

Y. H. Wang, J. Gao, L. H. He (2024): "Facile formation of a superalloy-like microstructure in Ni₇₇Ga₂₃ alloys by rapid solidification processing", Scripta Materialia 239, p.115822.

R. J. Zhao, X. C. Yan, H. L. Wang, C. H. Song, C. Li, L. Mao, M. Liu, J. Gao, Z. Z. Sun (2023): "Influence of non-equilibrium solidification of melt pools and annealing on microstructure formation and mechanical properties of laser powder bed fusion-built Ti–6Al–4V alloys", Materials Science and Engineering A 873, p.144964.

X. Song, D. Huang, W. T. Jia, Y. Liu, J. Gao, Y. Ren, T. Y. Ma (2023): "In-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction study of the early-stage decomposition in 2:17-type Sm-Co-based permanent magnets", Acta Materialia 144, p.118580.

D. Huang, H. Li, X. K. Xi, J. Gao, Y. C. Lau, W. H. Wang (2023): "Magnetoresistance reversals and anomalous Hall effect in Mn₃SnC and effects of carbon deficiency", Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 51, p.025702.

D. Huang, H. Li, B. Ding, X. K. Xi, J. Gao, Y. C. Lau, W. H. Wang (2022): "Plateau-like magnetoresistance and topological Hall effect in Kagome magnets TbCo₂ and DyCo₂", Applied Physics Letters 121, p.232404.

D. D. Zhao, J. Gao (2022): "Theory and in situ diagnosis of growth kinetics of dendritic crystals in alloy solidification", Crystal Growth and Design 22, pp.5354-5362.

Y. Q. Wang, J. Gao, W. H. Sun, A. Shahani (2022): "In situ observation of faceted growth and morphological instability of a complex-regular eutectic in Zn–Mg–Al system", Scripta Materialia 206, p.114224.

R. J. Zhao, T. T. Yang, H. L. Liao, N. Fenineche, C. Coddet, J. Gao (2021): "Nanoscale chemistry and atomic-scale microstructure of a bulk Ni₃Sn material built using selective laser melting of elemental powder blends", Materials & Design 211, p.110152. 

D. Huang, J. Gao (2021): "Effects of Ge substitution for Sn on the crystal structure, magnetization, and the magnetocaloric effect of Mn₃SnC", Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 537, p.168163.

D. D. Zhao, F. Yang, D. Holland-Moritz, M. Kolbe, T. Buslaps, J. Gao (2021): "In situ studies of liquid-liquid phase separation, solidification sequence and dendrite growth kinetics in electrostatically levitated Ti–Y alloys", Acta Materialia 213, p.116962.

D. Huang, T. Y. Ma, D. E. Brown, S. H. Lapidus, Y. Ren, J. Gao (2021): "Nanoscale phase separation and large refrigerant capacity in magnetocaloric material LaFe_11.5Si_1.5", Chemistry of Materials 33, pp.2837-2846.

Y. Q. Wang, J. Gao, P. Chao, N. S. Muyanja, R. H. Mathiesen, A. J. Ashwin (2021): "In-situ evidence for impurity-induced formation of eutectic colonies in an interdendritic liquid", Materials Letters 292, p.129637.

E. B. Baker, S. Jeon, O. Shuleshova, I. Kaban, Y. Q. Wang, J. Gao, M. Kolbe, M. P. San Soucie, D. M. Matson (2021): "Dendrite remelting during rapid solidification of undercooled CoSi-CoSi₂ eutectic alloys quantified by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction", Scripta Materialia 194, p.113645.

R. J. Zhao, T. T. Yang, Y. Q. Wang, Y. Ren, J. Gao (2021): "In situ X-ray diffraction and HAADF-STEM study of disorder trapping in intermetallic Ni₃Sn compound", Scripta Materialia 193, pp.55-58.

Y. Q. Wang, C. Paul, S. Moniri, J. Gao, T. Volkenandt, V. De Andrade, A. J. Shahani (2020): "Integrated three-dimensional characterization of reactive phase formation and coarsening during isothermal annealing of metastable Zn–3Mg–4Al eutectic", Materials Characterization 170, p.110685.

R. J. Zhao, Y. Q. Wang, J. Gao, E. Baker, D. M. Matson, M. Kolbe, A. Chuang, Y. Ren (2020): "In situ and ex situ studies of anomalous eutectic formation in undercooled Ni–Sn alloys", Acta Materialia 197, pp.198-211.

R. H. Kou, Z. W. Chen, S. Ouyang, J. Gao (2020): "Phase separation-induced nanoscale heterogeneity in Gd₅Si_1.5Ge_2.5", Acta Materialia 197, pp.163-171.

D. D. Zhao, J. Gao, A. Kao (2020): "Modeling of tip kinetics of undercooled Ti dendrites with consideration of forced flow and oxygen impurity effects", International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 159, p.120113.

Y. Q. Wang, J. Gao, Y. Ren, V. De Andrade, A. J. Shahani (2020): "Formation of a three-phase spiral structure due to competitive growth of a peritectic phase with a metastable eutectic", JOM 72, pp.2965-2973.

R. J. Zhao, J. Gao, H. L. Liao, N. Fenineche, C. Coddet (2020): "Selective laser melting of elemental powder blends for fabrication of homogeneous bulk material of near-eutectic Ni‒Sn composition", Additive Manufacturing 34, p.101261.

D. Huang, J. Gao, J. Q. Yan, D. Mandrus, V. Keppens (2020): "Carbon deficiency-induced changes of structure and magnetism of Mn₃SnC", Journal of Materials Science 55, pp.8363-8375.

R. H. Kou, J. Gao, Z. H. Nie, Y. D. Wang, D. E. Brown, Y. Ren (2020): "Magnetic transitions and magnetocaloric effect of Gd₄Nd₁Si₂Ge₂", Journal of Alloys and Compounds 826, p.154117.

R. J. Zhao, J. Gao, Y. Ren (2020): "In situ high-energy X-ray diffraction studies of melting, solidification and solid-state transformation of Ni₃Sn", MRS Advances 5, pp.1529-1535.

S. Moniri, H. Bale, T. Volkenandt, Y. Q. Wang, J. Gao, T. X. Lu, K. Sun, R. O. Ritchie, A. J. Shahani (2020): "Multi step crystallization of self organized spiral eutectics", Small 16, p.1906146.

D. Huang, J. Gao, S. H. Lapidus, D. E. Brown, Y. Ren (2020): "Exotic hysteresis of ferrimagnetic transition in Laves compound TbCo₂", Materials Research Letters 8, pp.97-102.

J. Gao (2020): "In-situ diagnosis and modeling of disorder trapping in rapid solidification of intermetallic compound", TMS 2020 149th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, San Diego, Feb. 23-27, 2020, pp.13-23.

Y. Q. Wang, J. Gao, A. Shahani (2020): "Effects of Al substitution for Zn on the non-equilibrium solidification behavior of Zn–3Mg alloys", in: J. Lee et al. (eds.), Materials Processing Fundamentals 2020, Springer, pp.23-31.

R. H. Kou, J. Gao, Z. H. Nie, Y. D. Wang, D. E. Brown, Y. Ren (2019):"Evidence for a short-range chemical order of Ge atoms and its critical role in inducing a giant magnetocaloric effect in Gd₅Si_1.5Ge_2.5", Journal of Alloys and Compounds 808, p.151751.

S. Jeon, M. Kolbe, V. Kaban, G. String, A. Cleaver, I. Kaban, O. Shuleshova, J. Gao, D. M. Matson (2019):"Metastable solidification pathways of undercooled eutectic CoSi–CoSi₂ alloys", Acta Materialia 176, pp.43-52.

R. J. Zhao, J. Gao, A. Kao, K. Pericleous (2019): "Verification of thermoelectric magnetohydrodynamic flow effects on dendritic tip kinetics by in-situ observations", International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 136, pp.1139-1146.

D. D. Zhao, J. Gao (2019): "Liquid phase separation in undercooled Cu–Co alloys under the influence of static magnetic fields", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 377, p.20180207.

S. Cai, L. Wang, J. E. Schaffer, J. Gao, Y. Ren (2019): "Influence of Sn on martensitic beta-Ti alloys", Materials Science and Engineering A 743, pp.764-772.

R. H. Kou, J. Gao, Y. Ren, B. Sanyal, S. Bhandary, S. M. Heald, B. Fisher, C.-J. Sun (2018): "Charge transfer-tuned magnetism in Nd-substituted Gd₅Si₄", AIP Advances 8, p.125219.

D. D. Zhao, J. Gao, M. Kolbe, D. Holland-Moritz (2018): "Liquid phase separation and rapid solidification in undercooled Ti₆₀Y₄₀ alloys", Proceeding of the 7th International Conference on Solidification and Gravity (SG18), Miscolk-Lillafuered, Hungary, September 2-6, pp.325-329.

R. H. Kou, J. Gao, Y. Ren, S. M. Heald, B. L. Fisher, C. J. Sun (2018): "Effect of annealing on the structure and magnetic properties of CoMnSi", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 54, p.2502605.

S. Cai, J. E. Schaffer, D. Huang, J. Gao, Y. Ren (2018): "Room-temperature deformation and martensitic transformation of two Co–Cr-Based Alloys", Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 49, pp.2573-2577.

D. Huang, R. H. Kou, J. Gao, A. Haglund, J. Q. Yan, V. Keppens, D. Mandrus, Y. Ren: "Influence of Co-doping on the crystal structure, magnetocaloric properties and elastic moduli of the La(Fe,Si)₁₃ compound", The TMS 2018 Annual Meeting Supplemental Proceedings, San Antonio, USA, March 3-8, pp.181-190.

A. Kao, J. Gao, K. Pericleous (2018): "Thermoelectric magnetohydrodynamic effects on the crystal growth rate of undercooled Ni dendrites", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 376, p.20170206.

J. Gao (2018): "A model for free growth of a lamellar eutectic dendrite with an incident flow", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 376, p.20170209.

Y. Q. Wang, J. Gao, M. Kolbe, A. Chuang, Y. Ren, D. Matson (2018): "Metastable solidification of hypereutectic Co₂Si–CoSi composition: microstructural studies and in-situ observations", Acta Materialia 142, pp.172-180.

R. J. Zhao, J. Gao, A. Kao, K. Pericleous (2017): "Measurements and modelling of dendritic growth velocities of pure Fe with thermoelectric magnetohydrodynamics convection", Journal of Crystal Growth 475, pp.354-361. 

C. Simon, J. Gao, Y. Mao, G. Wilde (2017): "Fast scanning calorimetric study of nucleation rates and nucleation transitions of Au–Sn alloys", Scripta Materialia 139, pp.13-16.

J. Gao, A. Kao, V. Bojarevics, K. Pericleous, P. K. Galenko, D. V. Alexandrov (2017): "Modeling of convection, temperature distribution and dendritic growth in glass-fluxed nickel melts", Journal of Crystal Growth 471, pp.66-72.

R. H. Kou, J. Gao, G. Wang, Y. D. Liu, Y. D. Wang, Y. Ren, D. E. Brown (2016): "Magnetic field-induced changes of lattice parameters and thermal expansion behavior of the CoMnSi compound", Journal of Materials Science 51, pp.1896-1902. 

J. Gao, M. K. Han, A. Kao, K. Pericleous, D. Alexandrov, P. Galenko (2016): "Dendritic growth velocities in an undercooled melt of pure nickel under static magnetic fields: a test of theory with convection", Acta Materialia 103, pp.184-191.

J. Gao, J. Liu, A. Kao, K. Pericleous (2015): "Dendritic growth velocities in undercooled melts under static magnetic fields", Proceeding of the 8th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, Cannes, France, October 12-16, pp.57-60.

C. Yang, J. Gao (2015): "Modeling of free eutectic growth and competitive solidification in undercooled near-eutectic alloys based on in-situ measurements", Journal of Materials Science 50, pp.268-278.

J. Gao, K. Liu, X. Ai, X. J. Wang, X. Y. Shi, G. Li, W. B. Wang (2014): "Electronic beam surface remelting of Cu–Cr contact materials", Proceedings of XXVI International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV-2014), Mumbai, India, September 28 - October 3, pp.469-472.

C. Yang, J. Gao (2014): "Dendritic growth kinetics and disorder trapping of the intermetallic compound Ni₃Sn under a static magnetic field", Journal of Crystal Growth 394, pp. 24-27.

Y. K. Zhang, J. Gao, M. Kolbe, S. Klein, C. Yang, H. Yasuda, D. M. Herlach, Ch.-A. Gandin (2013): "Phase selection and microstructure formation in undercooled Co–61.8at.%Si melts under various containerless processing conditions", Acta Materialia 61, pp.4861-4873.

J. Gao, L. H. Zhang, C. Yang, R. J. Zhang (2013): "Dendritic growth velocities in undercooled melts of B20-type intermetallic compounds", TMS 2013 Annual Meeting Supplemental Proceedings, San Antonio, USA, March 3-8, pp.461-468.

J. Gao, S. X. Liu, X. J. Wang, W. B. Wang (2013): "Effects of high oxygen-affinity elements on microstructure of Cu–Cr alloy ingots", Proceeding of the 2nd International Conference on Electric Equipment - Switching Technologies, Matsue, Japan, October 20-23, p.1-p2-P-1.

Y. K. Zhang, J. Gao, C. Yang, M. Kolbe, S. Binder, D. M. Herlach (2012): "Asynchronous crystallization behavior of Co-rich droplets in phase-separated Cu–Co alloys", Materials Letters 73, pp.56-58.

J. Gao, Z. N. Zhang, Y. J. Zhang (2012): "Measurements of dendritic growth velocities in undercooled melts of pure nickel under static magnetic fields", Proceedings of a Symposium on Materials Research in Microgravity 2012 Held at the 141st TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition, Orlando, USA, March 11-15, pp.72-79.

M. Krivilyov, T. Volkmann, J. Gao, J. Fransaer (2012): "Multiscale analysis of the effect of competitive nucleation on phase selection in rapid solidification of rare-earth ternary magnetic materials", Acta Materialia 60, pp.112-122.

Z. L. Wang, D. Y. Cong, Z. H. Nie, J. Gao, W. Liu, Y. D. Wang (2012): "The suppression and recovery of martensitic transformation in a Ni–Co–Mn–In magnetic shape memory alloy", Journal of Alloys and Compounds 511, pp.41-44.

J. Gao, H. Cao, Y. K. Zhang, Z. Q. Dong (2012): "Phase relations and microstructure of La–Fe–Si alloys under different solidification conditions", International Journal of Modern Physics B 25, pp.4277-4280.

Z. M. Zhou, J. Gao, F. Li, Y. P. Wang, M. Kolbe (2011): "Experimental determination and thermodynamic modeling of phase equilibria in the Cu–Cr system", Journal of Materials Science 46, pp.7039-7045.

Y. K. Zhang, J. Gao, L. L. Wei, M. Kolbe, T. Volkmann, D. M. Herlach (2011): "Novel insight into microstructural evolution of phase-separated Cu–Co alloys under influence of forced convection", Journal of Materials Science 46, pp.6603-6608.

C. Yang, J. Gao, Y. K. Zhang, M. Kolbe, D. M. Herlach (2011): "New evidence for dual origin of anomalous eutectic structures in undercooled Ni–Sn alloys: in-situ observations and EBSD characterization", Acta Materialia 59, pp.3915-3926.

S. Yang, H. X. Bao, C. Zhou, Y. Wang, X. Ren, Y. Matsushita, Y. Katsuya, M. Tanaka, K. Kobayashi, X. P. Song, J. Gao (2010): "Large magetostriction from morphotropic phase boundary in ferromagnets", Physical Review Letters 104, p.197201.

Y. K. Zhang, J. Gao, H. Yasuda, D. M. Herlach, J. C. He (2010): "Does reduced fluid flow alter alfa-Fe content of Nd-Fe-B ingots?", Journal of Alloys and Compounds 493, pp.L8-L11.

J. Gao, G. Luo, X. H. Luo (2010): "Phase selection in undercooled melts of peritectic Cu–Ge alloys", Materials Science Forum 649, pp.47-52.

Y. K. Zhang, Y. L. Zhou, J. Gao, J. C. He (2010): "Undercooling of pure Cu and Ge in static magnetic fields", Materials Science Forum 649, pp.281-286.

Y. K. Zhang, J. Gao, Y. L. Zhou, D. M. Herlach, J. C. He (2010): "Undercooling behavior of glass fluxed Sb melts under gradient magnetic fields", Journal of Materials Science 45, pp.1648-1654.

S. Binder, J. Gao, D. M. Herlach (2009): "Undercooling and Solidification of Ni₂B under different conditions of convection", Proceeding of the 6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, Dresden, Germany, October 19-23, pp.308-311.

Z. M. Zhou, J. Gao, F. Li, Y. K. Zhang, Y. P. Wang, M. Kolbe (2009): "On the metastable miscibility gap in liquid Cu-Cr alloys", Journal of Materials Science 44, pp.3793-3799.

J. Gao, Y. K. Zhang, T. Fukuda, H. Yasuda, M. Kolbe, J. C. He (2009): "Undercooling and rapid solidification of Cu₈₄Co₁₆ alloys under a static magnetic field", Journal of Physics: Conference Series 144, p.012117.

Y. K. Zhang, J. Gao, D. Nagamatsu, T. Fukuda, H. Yasuda, M. Kolbe, J. C. He (2008): "Reduced droplet coarsening in electromagnetically levitated and phase-separated Cu–Co alloys by imposition of a static magnetic field", Scripta Materialia 59, pp.1002-1005.

J. Gao, Y. P. Wang, Z. M. Zhou, M. Kolbe (2007): "Phase separation in undercooled Cu–Cr melts", Materials Science and Engineering A 449-451, pp.654-657.

J. Z. Zhao, M. Kolbe, H. L. Li, J. Gao, L. Ratke (2007): "Formation of the microstructure in a rapidly solidified Cu–Co alloy", Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 38, pp.1162-1168.

J. Gao, Y. K. Zhang, S. Reutzel, D. M. Herlach, J. C. He (2006): "Undercooling and solidification of peritectic Cu–Ge alloys in strong magnetic field", Proceeding of the 5th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, Sendai, Japan, October 23-27, pp.363-368.

M. Kolbe, J. Gao, T. Lierfeld, S. Schneider, G. Eggeler, D. M. Herlach (2006): "The influence of electromagnetic processing under terrestrial and parabolic flight conditions on solidifying metallic melts", Proceeding of the 5th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, Sendai, Japan, October 23-27, pp.357-362.

M. Kolbe, J. Gao, S. Reutzel (2006): "Solidification of Co–Cu alloys in the metastable miscibility gap under low gravity conditions", Materials Science Forum 508, pp.455-460.

M. Kolbe, J. R. Gao (2005): "Liquid phase separation of Co–Cu alloys in the metastable miscibility gap", Materials Science and Engineering A 413-414, pp.509-513.

Z. M. Zhou, Y. P. Wang, J. Gao, M. Kolbe (2005): "Microstructure of rapidly solidified Cu–25wt.%Cr alloys", Materials Science and Engineering A 398, pp.318-322.

T. Volkmann, J. Strohmenger, J. Gao, D. M. Herlach (2004): "Observation of a metastable phase during solidification of undercooled Nd–Fe–B alloy melts by in-situ diffraction experiments using synchrotron radiation", Applied Physics Letters, pp.2232-2234.